The climate of the Island of Hawaii during December offers a unique blend of tropical conditions with seasonal variations. Generally, this period marks the beginning of the wetter season, bringing increased rainfall and cooler temperatures compared to the summer months. Coastal regions typically experience daytime highs in the mid-70s Fahrenheit (low 20s Celsius) and nighttime lows in the mid-60s Fahrenheit (high teens Celsius), while higher elevations, such as those on Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, can see significantly cooler temperatures, including potential snowfall. Ocean temperatures remain relatively warm, making water activities still enjoyable.
Understanding these climatic conditions is crucial for planning trips to the island during this time. The increased rainfall can impact outdoor activities and necessitate appropriate clothing and gear. Conversely, the cooler temperatures can provide a welcome respite from the summer heat, offering more comfortable conditions for hiking and exploration. Historically, December marked the beginning of the Makahiki season, a period of peace and celebration in ancient Hawaiian culture, connected to the return of the Pleiades star cluster and associated with agricultural abundance. This cultural significance adds another layer of interest to a December visit.
This information provides a foundation for exploring more specific topics related to the island’s December climate, including detailed regional variations in rainfall, temperature, and ocean conditions, the potential impacts of El Nio and La Nia events, and recommended activities and attire for visitors.
1. Mild Daytime Temperatures
Mild daytime temperatures are a defining characteristic of December weather on the Island of Hawaii, influencing visitor experiences and outdoor activities. While December marks the start of the wetter season, daytime temperatures remain comfortable, creating a pleasant contrast to the cooler nights and higher elevation climates.
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Coastal Comfort:
Coastal areas typically experience daytime highs in the mid-70s Fahrenheit (low 20s Celsius). This comfortable temperature range allows for a variety of outdoor pursuits, from swimming and sunbathing to hiking and exploring. The mild temperatures offer a respite from potentially colder climates elsewhere, making the island an attractive winter destination.
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Microclimate Variations:
While generally mild, daytime temperatures can vary across the island due to microclimates. The Kona coast, known for its sunny and dry conditions, often experiences warmer temperatures than the Hilo side, which receives more rainfall. These variations highlight the importance of researching specific locations when planning outdoor activities.
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Impact on Activities:
The mild daytime temperatures contribute to the island’s year-round appeal for outdoor recreation. Visitors can comfortably participate in a range of activities, from exploring volcanic landscapes to enjoying water sports. The pleasant weather encourages exploration and allows for flexible itineraries.
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Contrast with Evenings:
The mild daytime temperatures create a noticeable contrast with the cooler evenings, which typically see lows in the mid-60s Fahrenheit (high teens Celsius). This temperature difference necessitates packing layers to adapt to changing conditions throughout the day.
The mild daytime temperatures in December contribute significantly to the Island of Hawaii’s appeal as a winter destination. This balance of comfortable warmth and cooler evenings allows for a diverse range of experiences, from exploring the natural landscapes to simply relaxing and enjoying the pleasant climate.
2. Cooler Nights
Cooler nights are a significant aspect of December weather on the Island of Hawaii, directly influencing visitor experiences and necessitating specific preparations. This nightly temperature drop distinguishes December from the warmer summer months and contributes to the island’s unique seasonal variations. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon, including decreased solar radiation and increased cloud cover associated with the wetter season.
Coastal regions typically experience nighttime lows in the mid-60s Fahrenheit (high teens Celsius). While this remains relatively mild compared to many mainland winter temperatures, it represents a distinct change from daytime highs. This temperature difference requires visitors to adapt their attire, packing layers to accommodate both daytime warmth and evening coolness. Higher elevations experience even more pronounced temperature drops, potentially reaching near-freezing conditions. Practical implications of these cooler nights include the need for warmer sleepwear, light jackets or sweaters for evenings out, and consideration of temperature variations when planning stargazing or other nighttime activities.
The cooler nights contribute to the overall character of December weather on the Island of Hawaii, differentiating it from other times of the year. Understanding and preparing for these temperature variations allows visitors to fully enjoy the diverse range of experiences the island offers, from daytime exploration to comfortable evenings. Furthermore, recognizing the influence of elevation on nighttime temperatures aids in planning activities and choosing appropriate accommodations across the diverse landscapes.
3. Increased Rainfall
Increased rainfall is a defining characteristic of December weather on the Island of Hawaii, marking a transition from the drier summer months to the wetter winter season. This shift significantly influences the island’s landscapes, ecosystems, and visitor experiences. The increased precipitation results from changing weather patterns, including the southward movement of the jet stream and the influence of trade winds interacting with the island’s volcanic topography. Orographic lift, where moist air is forced upwards over mountains, plays a crucial role in enhancing rainfall, particularly on the windward (eastern) sides of the island. Consequently, areas like Hilo experience significantly higher rainfall totals than leeward areas like Kona.
This increased rainfall has several important implications. It replenishes freshwater resources, vital for both natural ecosystems and human activities. Streams and waterfalls swell, creating dramatic landscapes and contributing to the lush vegetation. However, the increased rainfall can also pose challenges, including potential flooding, landslides, and disruptions to outdoor activities. For example, hiking trails may become muddy and slippery, and ocean conditions can be affected by runoff. Understanding the patterns and potential impacts of increased rainfall allows for better planning and preparedness. Visitors should pack accordingly, considering waterproof gear and flexible itineraries.
In summary, increased rainfall is an integral component of December weather on the Island of Hawaii. While it contributes to the island’s vibrant ecosystems and stunning scenery, it also necessitates careful planning and awareness of potential hazards. Recognizing the interplay between rainfall patterns, topography, and seasonal changes provides valuable insights for visitors and residents alike, enabling informed decision-making and a deeper appreciation of the island’s dynamic climate.
4. Humpback Whale Season
December marks the beginning of humpback whale season in the waters surrounding the Island of Hawaii, coinciding with the island’s shift towards wetter, cooler weather. This convergence of seasonal events creates a unique opportunity for wildlife viewing, adding another dimension to the island’s December attractions. The whales’ arrival is a significant ecological event, linked to their breeding and calving cycles.
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Whale Migration and Breeding:
Humpback whales migrate thousands of miles from Alaskan feeding grounds to the warmer Hawaiian waters for breeding and calving. December signifies the start of this influx, with whale numbers steadily increasing throughout the winter months. The warm, protected waters around the island provide an ideal environment for mating and giving birth.
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Whale Watching Opportunities:
The clear, generally calm waters typical of December, despite the increased rainfall, provide favorable conditions for whale watching. Boat tours and shoreline vantage points offer opportunities to observe these magnificent creatures breaching, tail slapping, and engaging in other surface behaviors. The convergence of whale season with the relatively less crowded early winter period enhances the whale watching experience.
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Impact of Weather Conditions:
While December’s generally calm seas are conducive to whale watching, occasional storms and rough seas can impact visibility and tour availability. Visitors should be prepared for potential changes in weather conditions and remain flexible with their whale watching plans. Understanding the influence of weather patterns on ocean conditions enhances the likelihood of successful whale watching excursions.
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Ecological Significance:
The arrival of humpback whales represents a vital ecological event, contributing to the biodiversity and overall health of the Hawaiian marine ecosystem. Their presence attracts researchers and conservationists, providing opportunities for studying whale behavior, population dynamics, and the impacts of environmental changes. This ecological significance adds a layer of depth to the whale watching experience.
The confluence of humpback whale season and December’s unique weather patterns creates a distinctive period on the Island of Hawaii. The relatively calm seas, coupled with the arrival of these majestic creatures, offer an unparalleled opportunity to witness a natural spectacle, enriching the overall experience of visiting the island during this time.
5. Variable Elevation Conditions
The Island of Hawaii’s dramatic topography, ranging from sea level to the towering peaks of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, creates highly variable elevation conditions, significantly influencing December weather patterns. Understanding these elevational variations is crucial for interpreting weather forecasts and planning activities, as temperature, precipitation, and even snow conditions change drastically with altitude.
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Temperature Gradients:
Temperature decreases predictably with increasing elevation. While coastal areas may enjoy mild temperatures in the 70s Fahrenheit (low 20s Celsius), higher elevations experience significantly cooler conditions, sometimes dropping below freezing, especially at night. This pronounced temperature gradient necessitates careful consideration of clothing and gear for activities at different altitudes.
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Precipitation Patterns:
Elevation influences precipitation patterns. Orographic lift, where moist air is forced upwards over mountains, results in increased rainfall on windward slopes. Higher elevations may also experience snowfall, particularly on Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa during December. These variations in precipitation impact hiking conditions, visibility, and road accessibility.
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Snowfall and Winter Recreation:
The summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can receive significant snowfall in December, transforming the volcanic landscape into a winter wonderland. This offers unique opportunities for winter recreation, including skiing and snowboarding, in stark contrast to the tropical conditions at lower elevations. However, snow conditions can be unpredictable and require careful monitoring.
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Microclimate Diversity:
Elevational variations contribute to the island’s remarkable microclimate diversity. Within a short distance, one can transition from tropical rainforests to alpine deserts, each with distinct temperature and precipitation regimes. This diversity supports a wide range of ecosystems and offers diverse experiences for visitors, from lush coastal hikes to exploring volcanic summits.
The variable elevation conditions inherent to the Island of Hawaii’s topography significantly influence December weather, creating a complex mosaic of microclimates. Recognizing the interplay between elevation, temperature, precipitation, and snowfall is essential for understanding weather forecasts, planning activities, and appreciating the island’s diverse natural environment during December.
6. Warm Ocean Temperatures
Warm ocean temperatures are a key component of Hawaii Big Island’s December weather, influencing marine ecosystems, recreational opportunities, and overall climatic conditions. While air temperatures begin to cool with the approach of winter, the surrounding Pacific Ocean retains considerable warmth, creating a unique interplay between land and sea.
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Water Activities:
Ocean temperatures in December typically remain in the mid-70s Fahrenheit (low 20s Celsius), providing comfortable conditions for swimming, snorkeling, diving, and other water sports. This contrasts with many mainland coastal areas, where ocean temperatures drop significantly during winter, making Hawaii an attractive destination for year-round aquatic activities.
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Marine Ecosystem Impacts:
Warm ocean temperatures support a thriving marine ecosystem. Coral reefs, vibrant fish populations, and other marine life benefit from the stable, warm water. This also contributes to the presence of humpback whales, which migrate to Hawaiian waters during this period for breeding and calving. The warm ocean provides a hospitable environment for these marine mammals and their offspring.
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Influence on Air Temperature:
The warm ocean moderates air temperatures along the coast, preventing extreme temperature fluctuations. The ocean acts as a heat reservoir, releasing warmth into the atmosphere, particularly during the cooler nights. This moderating influence contributes to the island’s generally mild December climate, even as air temperatures begin to decrease.
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Weather Patterns:
Warm ocean temperatures contribute to atmospheric moisture and influence rainfall patterns. Increased evaporation from the warm ocean surface provides ample moisture for cloud formation and precipitation, characteristic of December’s wetter season. The interplay between warm ocean temperatures and atmospheric conditions shapes the island’s overall weather patterns.
The consistently warm ocean temperatures during December are integral to Hawaii Big Island’s unique climate and diverse ecosystem. This characteristic influences various aspects of the island’s environment, from recreational opportunities to marine life and broader weather patterns. Understanding the role of ocean temperatures enhances appreciation of the island’s dynamic environment during this transitional season.
7. Start of Winter Surf
The arrival of December on the Island of Hawai’i signals not only a shift in weather patterns but also the much-anticipated start of the winter surf season. This connection between “hawaii big island december weather” and the burgeoning surf conditions is rooted in the changing dynamics of the North Pacific. As the Northern Hemisphere tilts further away from the sun, large, powerful swells generated by winter storms in the North Pacific begin to propagate southward, impacting the island’s exposed northern and western shores. These swells, often characterized by their long wavelengths and consistent energy, provide the foundation for the renowned winter surf breaks that draw surfers from around the globe.
The increased rainfall associated with December weather can influence surf conditions, impacting water clarity and potentially creating stronger rip currents. Furthermore, the variable wind conditions typical of this period play a crucial role in shaping wave quality. Offshore winds, often present during early mornings, groom the swells into clean, well-formed waves, highly sought after by experienced surfers. Conversely, onshore winds can create choppy and less desirable conditions. Understanding these nuanced relationships between weather patterns and surf conditions is vital for both seasoned surfers and those venturing into Hawaiian waters for the first time. For instance, experienced surfers will often consult detailed swell forecasts and wind predictions before paddling out, while novice surfers should seek guidance from local experts and prioritize safety. Historical accounts and anecdotal evidence from local communities further underscore the significant influence of December weather systems on surf conditions.
In conclusion, the start of winter surf is intrinsically linked to the broader context of “hawaii big island december weather.” The interplay between powerful North Pacific swells, local wind patterns, and increased rainfall shapes the wave dynamics, creating both opportunities and challenges for surfers. Recognizing this complex relationship is fundamental for anyone seeking to experience the thrill of Hawaiian winter surf while prioritizing safety and respecting the power of the ocean. This understanding allows for informed decision-making and fosters a deeper appreciation for the dynamic interplay between weather, ocean, and the human experience.
Frequently Asked Questions about Big Island Weather in December
This section addresses common inquiries regarding weather conditions on the Island of Hawai’i during December. Accurate information is crucial for planning a trip and ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience.
Question 1: How much rain can one expect on the Big Island in December?
Rainfall varies significantly by location. The Hilo side of the island typically receives considerably more rain than the Kona side due to prevailing wind patterns and orographic effects. Hilo can average over 10 inches of rain in December, while Kona may receive less than 3 inches. Consulting historical rainfall data for specific locations is advised.
Question 2: Is it warm enough to swim in the ocean in December?
Ocean temperatures remain relatively warm in December, generally in the mid-70s Fahrenheit (low 20s Celsius). This makes swimming, snorkeling, and other water activities comfortable for most individuals. However, individual cold tolerance varies, and occasional cooler currents are possible.
Question 3: What type of clothing should one pack for a December trip?
Packing layers is recommended to accommodate fluctuating temperatures. Light clothing is suitable for daytime activities at lower elevations, while warmer layers, including a light jacket or sweater, are essential for evenings and higher altitudes. Rain gear, including a waterproof jacket and umbrella, is highly advisable.
Question 4: Are there any specific weather-related safety concerns for December travelers?
Increased rainfall can lead to flash floods and landslides, especially in areas with steep terrain. Staying informed about weather conditions and heeding any warnings issued by local authorities is crucial. Ocean conditions can also change rapidly, so caution is advised when participating in water activities.
Question 5: Does snow occur on the Big Island in December?
Snow is possible, even likely, on the summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, which reach elevations exceeding 13,000 feet. Snowfall can create hazardous driving conditions and limit access to these areas. Checking road conditions and weather forecasts before venturing to higher elevations is essential.
Question 6: How reliable are long-term weather forecasts for December?
While long-term forecasts can provide a general overview of expected conditions, weather in Hawai’i can be unpredictable. Short-term forecasts, updated closer to the travel date, offer greater accuracy. Remaining flexible and adapting itineraries based on current conditions is recommended.
Understanding typical December weather patterns and potential variations is essential for planning a trip to the Island of Hawai’i. Being prepared for both predictable and unpredictable conditions ensures a safe and enjoyable experience.
For further information, consult detailed weather resources and local expertise to refine travel plans and address specific concerns.
Essential Tips for Navigating Big Island Weather in December
Careful planning is essential for a successful December trip to the Island of Hawaii. These tips address key weather-related considerations.
Tip 1: Pack for Diverse Conditions: December weather necessitates versatile attire. Pack light clothing for warm days, warmer layers for cool evenings and higher altitudes, and rain gear for unpredictable showers. Sturdy, waterproof footwear is recommended for varied terrain.
Tip 2: Monitor Weather Forecasts: Weather conditions can change rapidly. Consult reliable short-term forecasts regularly, particularly before engaging in outdoor activities. Be prepared to adjust plans based on current conditions.
Tip 3: Respect Ocean Safety: While ocean temperatures remain warm, December marks the beginning of larger swells and stronger currents. Exercise caution when entering the water and heed lifeguard warnings. Avoid swimming in areas with strong currents or large waves.
Tip 4: Plan for Variable Elevations: Temperatures decrease significantly with increasing altitude. Research conditions at specific locations and destinations, particularly when planning hikes or visits to higher elevations. Be prepared for potential snow at high altitudes.
Tip 5: Book Accommodations Strategically: Consider microclimate variations when choosing accommodations. The Kona side generally experiences less rainfall than the Hilo side. Selecting accommodation based on preferred weather conditions enhances the overall experience.
Tip 6: Allow for Flexible Itineraries: Rainfall and other weather events can disrupt outdoor plans. Build flexibility into itineraries, allowing for alternative activities in case of inclement weather. Indoor options, such as museums and cultural centers, provide enriching alternatives.
Tip 7: Research Road Conditions: Heavy rainfall can impact road conditions, particularly in mountainous areas. Check road closures and advisories before traveling, especially to higher elevations. Four-wheel drive vehicles may be advantageous in certain areas.
Tip 8: Utilize Layered Clothing: The wide temperature range across the island necessitates layers. During the day, a t-shirt and shorts might suffice, while evenings and visits to higher elevations require sweaters, jackets, and long pants. This adaptable approach ensures comfort in varying conditions.
Implementing these tips ensures preparedness for the diverse weather conditions typical of December on the Island of Hawaii. Advance planning enhances safety and allows visitors to fully appreciate the island’s unique beauty and diverse experiences.
By understanding and preparing for December’s unique weather patterns, visitors can maximize their enjoyment of the Island of Hawaii’s diverse offerings, from volcanic landscapes and lush rainforests to stunning coastlines and abundant marine life.
Hawaii Big Island December Weather
Hawaii Big Island December weather presents a dynamic interplay of factors. Decreasing temperatures, increasing rainfall, and the arrival of humpback whales mark a distinct shift from the warmer, drier months. Coastal areas experience mild temperatures, while higher elevations encounter significantly cooler conditions, including potential snowfall. Understanding these variable conditions, from warm ocean temperatures conducive to water activities to the powerful swells initiating the winter surf season, is crucial for informed trip planning. The convergence of these elements shapes a unique experience, offering a blend of tropical warmth and seasonal change.
Ultimately, navigating Hawaii Big Island December weather necessitates informed preparation and adaptability. Recognizing the interplay between temperature gradients, precipitation patterns, and ocean conditions allows visitors to engage safely and meaningfully with the island’s diverse environment. This awareness fosters a deeper appreciation for the dynamic forces shaping the island’s unique character and ensures a more enriching and fulfilling experience.
