December typically marks the beginning of the wetter season on the Island of Hawaii. Average temperatures range from highs in the low 80s Fahrenheit (high 20s Celsius) during the day to lows in the low 70s Fahrenheit (low 20s Celsius) at night, although microclimates across the island create significant variations. Coastal regions tend to be warmer and drier, while higher elevations experience cooler temperatures, potentially dropping below freezing at the summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. Rainfall becomes more frequent, especially on the windward (east) side of the island. Ocean conditions can become rougher during this period, potentially affecting coastal activities.
Understanding typical climatic conditions is crucial for planning travel and activities. Packing for a range of weather conditions, including rain gear and layers, ensures comfort and preparedness. The increased rainfall revitalizes the landscape, enhancing the lush scenery and creating spectacular waterfalls. Historically, this wetter period was significant for traditional Hawaiian agriculture, replenishing water sources and supporting the growth of essential crops. This seasonality continues to influence local agricultural practices and cultural traditions.
This information provides a foundation for exploring specific topics related to visiting the Island of Hawaii in December, including packing recommendations, regional variations in weather, suggested activities, and potential travel considerations.
1. Daytime
Daytime temperatures averaging 75-85F (24-29C) characterize December on the Island of Hawai’i. This moderate warmth contributes significantly to the island’s appeal as a winter destination, offering a respite from colder climates. While these temperatures are averages, actual conditions can vary based on elevation and location. Coastal areas generally experience temperatures at the higher end of this range, while locations at higher elevations, such as Volcanoes National Park, experience cooler daytime temperatures. This temperature range allows for comfortable participation in a variety of outdoor activities, from hiking and exploring volcanic landscapes to swimming and sunbathing.
The relatively stable daytime temperatures in December influence the island’s ecosystems. Flora and fauna adapted to these conditions thrive, contributing to the island’s unique biodiversity. The warmth also supports agricultural activities, allowing for the continued cultivation of various crops. For example, coffee plantations benefit from these consistent temperatures during the crucial cherry ripening stage. Understanding these temperature patterns allows visitors to plan accordingly, packing appropriate attire and scheduling activities that align with the expected conditions.
In summary, December’s daytime temperatures on the Island of Hawai’i are a defining characteristic of the island’s climate during this period. This moderate warmth creates a favorable environment for both visitors and the island’s natural environment. Recognizing the interplay between temperature, elevation, and local conditions provides visitors with valuable insights for planning a fulfilling experience.
2. Nighttime
Nighttime temperatures on the Island of Hawaii during December typically range between 65-75F (18-24C). This moderate range contributes significantly to the overall experience of December weather, offering comfortable conditions for sleep and evening activities. Cooler nighttime temperatures provide a welcome contrast to the daytime warmth, allowing for comfortable outdoor dining, stargazing, and other evening pursuits. This temperature range also plays a role in the island’s ecological processes, influencing nocturnal animal behavior and plant growth cycles. For instance, the cooler temperatures can promote dew formation, providing essential moisture for certain plant species. The difference between daytime and nighttime temperatures can also influence localized weather patterns, including the formation of land breezes.
Practical implications of these nighttime temperatures are significant for visitors. Packing layers of clothing becomes essential to adapt to the shift in temperature from day to night. While daytime attire might suffice for much of the day, a light jacket or sweater can enhance comfort during the cooler evenings. The comfortable nighttime temperatures also expand the range of activities available to visitors, allowing for evening hikes, outdoor cultural performances, and nighttime astronomical observations at high-elevation sites like Mauna Kea. Furthermore, accommodations with open-air lanais or balconies become particularly appealing, allowing visitors to enjoy the pleasant evening air.
In summary, the moderate nighttime temperatures prevalent in December on the Island of Hawaii are an integral component of the overall weather experience. These temperatures not only influence the island’s ecosystems but also significantly impact visitor activities and comfort. Understanding this aspect of December weather allows for informed packing decisions and a fuller appreciation of the diverse range of experiences available on the island.
3. Increased Rainfall
Increased rainfall is a defining characteristic of December weather on the Island of Hawai’i, marking the transition from the drier summer months to the wetter winter season. This increase is primarily driven by the shifting trade wind patterns and the influence of the North Pacific High. As the high-pressure system weakens and shifts southward during the winter months, it allows for more frequent passage of frontal systems and increased moisture convergence over the islands. The orographic effect, where moisture-laden air is forced upwards by the island’s volcanic mountains, further enhances rainfall, particularly on the windward (eastern) slopes. Consequently, areas like Hilo and Puna experience significantly higher rainfall totals compared to the leeward (western) side of the island, such as Kona and Kohala. This disparity in rainfall contributes to the island’s diverse microclimates and distinct vegetation zones.
The practical implications of increased rainfall are substantial. While the rain contributes to the island’s lush landscapes and replenishes freshwater resources, it can also disrupt outdoor activities and pose challenges for transportation. Flash flooding can occur in some areas, particularly along streams and rivers. Visitors should monitor weather forecasts closely and heed any advisories issued by local authorities. Hiking trails can become muddy and slippery, requiring appropriate footwear and caution. Road closures due to flooding or landslides are also possible. Understanding the patterns and potential impacts of increased rainfall allows for proactive planning, including choosing activities less susceptible to weather disruptions and packing appropriate rain gear.
In summary, increased rainfall is an integral component of December weather on the Island of Hawai’i. Its influence on the landscape, microclimates, and daily activities is substantial. Recognizing this seasonal shift and understanding its potential impacts equips visitors with the knowledge necessary to navigate the island safely and enjoy its diverse offerings, even amidst the increased likelihood of rain. Planning accordingly ensures a fulfilling experience, despite the inherent variability of weather conditions during this period.
4. Humu Wetter Season
The term “Humu” refers to the wetter season in the traditional Hawaiian calendar, typically extending from October to April. December falls squarely within this period, signifying its importance in understanding “Hawai’i Big Island weather in December.” The Humu season is characterized by a shift in prevailing wind patterns, allowing increased moisture from the north and east to reach the islands. This shift results in higher rainfall averages, particularly along the windward slopes, and contributes to the replenishment of aquifers and the flourishing of vegetation. The increased precipitation plays a vital role in the island’s ecosystem, supporting the growth of native plants and providing essential water resources for agriculture and daily life. For example, the replenished streams and rivers are crucial for taro cultivation, a staple crop in traditional Hawaiian cuisine.
Understanding the influence of the Humu season provides valuable context for anticipating December weather conditions. While average rainfall increases, the daily weather remains variable. Sunny mornings can give way to afternoon showers, and localized downpours are common. This variability necessitates preparedness for a range of conditions, including packing rain gear and flexible itineraries. Awareness of the Humu season also highlights the significance of water conservation efforts, even amidst apparent abundance. Recognizing the cyclical nature of rainfall and its impact on long-term water availability promotes responsible resource management.
In summary, the Humu season provides a crucial framework for comprehending December weather on the Island of Hawai’i. Its influence extends beyond increased rainfall, affecting everything from agricultural practices to daily activities. Acknowledging the role of the Humu season enables a more informed approach to planning and experiencing the island’s unique environment during this period. This understanding allows visitors and residents alike to appreciate the dynamic interplay between weather patterns, cultural traditions, and the natural world.
5. Variable Microclimates
Variable microclimates significantly influence weather patterns on the Island of Hawaii, particularly during December. The island’s diverse topography, ranging from sea level to the towering peaks of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, creates distinct climatic zones within relatively short distances. These variations are driven by factors such as elevation, prevailing wind patterns, and the rain shadow effect. The windward (eastern) side of the island, exposed to moisture-laden trade winds, experiences significantly higher rainfall than the leeward (western) side, which lies sheltered from the prevailing winds. Consequently, areas like Hilo on the windward coast receive abundant rainfall, fostering lush rainforests, while Kona on the leeward coast experiences drier conditions, supporting a more arid landscape. This sharp contrast highlights the profound impact of microclimates on vegetation, temperature, and overall weather conditions.
These microclimatic variations become even more pronounced during December as the wetter season intensifies. Higher elevations experience cooler temperatures, with the summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa occasionally receiving snowfall. Meanwhile, coastal regions remain relatively warm, although still subject to increased rainfall compared to the drier summer months. For example, visitors exploring Volcanoes National Park in December might encounter cool, misty conditions, while those enjoying the beaches in Kona could experience warm, sunny weather punctuated by brief showers. Understanding these localized variations is crucial for packing appropriately and planning activities. Hikers venturing into higher elevations should prepare for significantly colder temperatures and potential rain or snow, while beachgoers can anticipate warmer conditions but should still pack rain gear for occasional showers. This awareness allows for a safer and more enjoyable experience, tailored to the specific microclimate of the chosen destination.
In summary, the Island of Hawaii’s variable microclimates play a pivotal role in shaping December weather patterns. Recognizing the influence of topography, wind patterns, and the rain shadow effect on localized conditions is essential for informed trip planning. Packing for a range of potential weather scenarios and consulting localized forecasts ensures preparedness for the diverse conditions encountered across the island. This understanding transforms December’s weather variability from a potential challenge into an opportunity to experience the island’s remarkable range of environments, from snow-capped peaks to sun-drenched coastlines.
6. Vog Potential
Volcanic smog, or vog, is a potential component of weather conditions on the Island of Hawai’i, particularly during December. Vog results from volcanic emissions, primarily sulfur dioxide, released from Klauea volcano. These emissions react with atmospheric components like sunlight, oxygen, and moisture to form fine particles and gases. Wind patterns significantly influence vog dispersal, and during December, the typically weaker trade winds can lead to increased vog accumulation, especially on the western (leeward) side of the island. Consequently, areas like Kona and Kohala may experience reduced air quality due to vog during this period. The intensity and extent of vog vary depending on eruption activity and meteorological conditions.
Vog can impact visibility, creating hazy conditions that obscure scenic views. It can also pose respiratory challenges for individuals with sensitivities, such as asthma or other respiratory conditions. Real-life examples include instances where vog has caused flight delays or cancellations due to reduced visibility. In health contexts, vog can exacerbate respiratory symptoms, leading to increased hospital visits or the need for preventative measures like wearing masks. Practical applications of this understanding include monitoring air quality forecasts, particularly if traveling with respiratory sensitivities, and adjusting outdoor activity plans based on vog levels. Packing appropriate masks can also be a prudent measure. Visitors should consult the Vog Measurement and Prediction Project (VMAP) for current information and forecasts.
In summary, vog potential is a significant consideration when evaluating December weather on the Island of Hawai’i. While not a constant presence, vog can impact visibility, air quality, and respiratory health. Awareness of its causes, distribution patterns, and potential health effects allows for informed decision-making regarding travel plans and outdoor activities. Consulting resources like VMAP provides real-time data and forecasts, facilitating informed choices and enhancing visitor safety and comfort. This understanding ensures a more comprehensive awareness of the complexities of “Hawai’i Big Island weather in December,” empowering visitors to proactively navigate potential challenges and optimize their island experience.
7. Rougher Ocean Conditions
December on the Island of Hawaii often coincides with a transition to rougher ocean conditions, a key aspect of understanding “Hawaii Big Island weather in December.” North Pacific swells become more prevalent, increasing wave heights and surf energy along exposed coastlines. This seasonal shift significantly impacts maritime activities, coastal safety, and even erosion patterns. Understanding these changes is crucial for planning water-based activities and ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience.
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Increased Wave Heights and Surf
North Pacific swells generated by winter storms bring larger waves to the Hawaiian Islands during December. These increased wave heights create powerful surf, particularly along north- and west-facing shores. While experienced surfers may relish these conditions, they pose significant hazards for less experienced swimmers and boaters. Real-life examples include beach closures due to high surf advisories, impacting tourism and local activities. Increased wave action can also lead to coastal erosion, affecting beaches and infrastructure.
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Stronger Currents and Riptides
Larger waves and increased water movement contribute to stronger currents and the formation of riptides. Rip currents are powerful, narrow channels of fast-moving water flowing away from the shore. These currents can quickly pull swimmers away from the beach and pose a significant drowning risk. Understanding how to identify and escape a rip current is essential for ocean safety during this period. Lifeguard warnings and beach closures due to hazardous currents are common occurrences during December.
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Impact on Maritime Activities
Rougher ocean conditions directly impact maritime activities such as boating, fishing, and snorkeling. Small boat operations may be suspended due to high seas, and even larger vessels can experience challenging conditions. Snorkeling and diving become more difficult and potentially hazardous due to reduced visibility and stronger currents. Real-life examples include cancelled boat tours, disrupted fishing charters, and limited access to popular snorkeling spots. These disruptions underscore the practical implications of December’s ocean conditions on tourism and local livelihoods.
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Coastal Erosion and Flooding
Increased wave energy during December contributes to accelerated coastal erosion. Beaches can narrow, and infrastructure near the shoreline may be damaged by wave action. Higher sea levels combined with large waves can also lead to coastal flooding, particularly during high tides or storm surges. These impacts highlight the dynamic interaction between ocean conditions and the coastal environment, underscoring the importance of coastal management strategies and preparedness for potential hazards.
In conclusion, the shift toward rougher ocean conditions is an integral part of “Hawaii Big Island weather in December.” The increased wave heights, stronger currents, and potential for coastal erosion significantly impact safety and activities. Planning coastal activities requires careful consideration of these conditions, including heeding safety warnings, understanding ocean dynamics, and adapting itineraries based on real-time conditions. This awareness ensures a safer and more enjoyable experience while appreciating the power and dynamism of the Pacific Ocean during this period.
8. Higher Elevation Snow
Higher elevation snow is a unique and noteworthy aspect of Hawai’i Big Island weather in December. The island’s towering volcanoes, Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, reach altitudes exceeding 13,000 feet above sea level, placing their summits well within the freezing zone. During December, when temperatures drop and winter storms track across the Pacific, these high-altitude regions can experience significant snowfall. This phenomenon creates a striking juxtaposition: tropical beaches and snow-capped peaks existing within the same geographic area. The snow accumulation contributes to the islands’ freshwater supply, although access to this water is limited. The occurrence of snow also impacts access to the observatories located atop Mauna Kea, occasionally necessitating road closures.
The presence of snow on Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa is not merely a visual anomaly; it has practical implications for residents and visitors. Road closures due to snow and icy conditions can restrict access to the summits, impacting astronomical observations at the Mauna Kea Observatories and recreational activities like skiing and snowboarding. For example, the Mauna Kea Access Road is frequently closed during periods of heavy snowfall, impacting astronomers and visitors alike. Additionally, hikers venturing to high elevations during December must be prepared for extreme weather conditions, including blizzard-like conditions and sub-freezing temperatures. Real-life incidents involving hikers requiring rescue due to inadequate preparation for snow and ice underscore the importance of understanding this aspect of the island’s weather.
In summary, the potential for higher elevation snow is a critical factor in understanding Hawai’i Big Island weather in December. This unique phenomenon, resulting from the interaction of atmospheric conditions and the island’s high-altitude terrain, has tangible consequences for accessibility, safety, and logistical planning. Awareness of the potential for snow and ice at higher elevations enables informed decision-making, allowing residents and visitors to prepare adequately for the full range of weather conditions the island can present during this period. Acknowledging this element enhances safety and fosters a deeper appreciation of the island’s diverse and sometimes unexpected climatic characteristics.
Frequently Asked Questions about Big Island Weather in December
This FAQ section addresses common inquiries regarding weather conditions on the Island of Hawaii during December. Understanding these aspects allows for informed travel planning and a more enjoyable experience.
Question 1: Does it rain constantly throughout December on the Big Island?
Rainfall increases in December, marking the start of the wetter season. However, rain rarely persists all day. Showers are often interspersed with periods of sunshine, particularly on the leeward side. Localized downpours are common, especially in the afternoons.
Question 2: What clothing should one pack for a December trip to the Big Island?
Packing layers is recommended. Light clothing is suitable for daytime activities, while a light jacket or sweater provides comfort during cooler evenings. Rain gear, including a waterproof jacket and umbrella, is essential. Sturdy, closed-toe shoes are recommended for hiking.
Question 3: Are water activities still possible in December?
Water activities remain possible, but ocean conditions can be rougher. North swells increase wave heights and currents, particularly on north- and west-facing shores. Heeding lifeguard warnings and exercising caution are essential. Boat tours may be subject to cancellations due to high seas.
Question 4: How does the weather in December impact volcano viewing in Volcanoes National Park?
Volcano viewing remains feasible in December. However, increased cloud cover and rainfall can sometimes obscure views. Checking weather forecasts and visiting during clearer periods is recommended. Packing layers is important, as temperatures can be significantly cooler at higher elevations within the park.
Question 5: Is it possible to experience snow in Hawaii during December?
Snow is possible on the summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa during December. These high elevations frequently experience sub-freezing temperatures, leading to snowfall. Access to the summits may be restricted due to road closures caused by snow and ice.
Question 6: How does the December weather affect driving conditions on the Big Island?
Driving conditions can be affected by increased rainfall. Localized flooding and occasional landslides are possible, particularly along the Hamakua Coast. Checking road conditions and exercising caution, especially when driving at night, is advisable.
Preparedness for variable weather conditions is key to an enjoyable December trip to the Island of Hawaii. Flexibility in itinerary planning allows for adapting to changing conditions and maximizing opportunities for exploration and discovery.
Beyond these frequently asked questions, exploring specific regional weather patterns within the Island of Hawaii provides further insights for tailoring travel plans and activities to the desired experience.
Tips for Navigating Big Island Weather in December
Careful planning ensures a comfortable and enjoyable experience on the Island of Hawai’i during December. The following tips address key considerations related to weather conditions:
Tip 1: Pack for Variable Conditions: Temperatures fluctuate throughout the day and across different elevations. Packing layers, including both warm and cool clothing, allows for adaptation to changing conditions. Rain gear, including a waterproof jacket and umbrella, is essential.
Tip 2: Monitor Weather Forecasts: Localized weather patterns can change rapidly. Regularly consulting forecasts from reliable sources, such as the National Weather Service, provides critical information for planning activities and making informed decisions.
Tip 3: Respect Ocean Safety Warnings: December brings increased wave heights and stronger currents. Heeding lifeguard warnings, understanding rip currents, and avoiding risky behavior in the ocean are paramount for personal safety.
Tip 4: Prepare for Vog Conditions: Volcanic smog (vog) can periodically impact air quality, particularly on the leeward side of the island. Individuals with respiratory sensitivities should monitor air quality forecasts and pack appropriate masks.
Tip 5: Plan for Flexible Itineraries: Rain and other weather conditions can disrupt planned activities. Building flexibility into itineraries allows for alternative options and minimizes the impact of weather-related changes.
Tip 6: Consider Elevation-Specific Clothing: Temperatures decrease significantly at higher elevations. If planning visits to locations like Mauna Kea or Volcanoes National Park, packing warm clothing, including hats and gloves, is essential.
Tip 7: Check Road Conditions Before Traveling: Rainfall can cause localized flooding and occasional road closures. Verifying road conditions before embarking on drives, especially in remote areas, ensures safe and efficient travel.
Tip 8: Rent a 4-Wheel Drive Vehicle for Certain Activities: Accessing certain areas, especially those at higher elevations or with unpaved roads, may require a 4-wheel drive vehicle, particularly during periods of inclement weather. Consider renting a suitable vehicle for specific activities like exploring Mauna Kea’s slopes.
Heeding these precautions contributes significantly to a safe and fulfilling experience on the Island of Hawai’i during December. Preparedness allows travelers to embrace the dynamic nature of the island’s weather while maximizing opportunities to enjoy its diverse landscapes and activities.
By understanding and preparing for the nuances of December weather, visitors can fully appreciate the beauty and wonder of the Island of Hawai’i.
Hawaii Big Island Weather in December
December on the Island of Hawai’i presents a unique blend of climatic conditions. Increased rainfall marks the arrival of the wetter season, impacting outdoor activities and necessitating preparedness. Variable microclimates, influenced by elevation and trade winds, create diverse weather patterns across the island, ranging from snow-capped volcanic peaks to warm coastal shores. Ocean conditions often become rougher during this period, influencing maritime activities and coastal safety. Vog potential adds another layer of complexity, requiring awareness of air quality conditions. Understanding these factors is crucial for effective trip planning and a safe, enjoyable experience.
Successful navigation of December weather on the Island of Hawai’i requires informed decision-making and adaptability. Careful consideration of these climatic factors, coupled with proactive planning and respect for natural forces, empowers visitors to embrace the dynamic environment and discover the island’s diverse offerings. This awareness transforms potential challenges into opportunities for deeper engagement with the island’s unique character and natural beauty.
