The decrease in tire pressure during colder temperatures is a direct result of the ideal gas law. This law states that the pressure of a gas is proportional to its temperature, assuming a constant volume and amount of gas. As the ambient temperature drops, the air molecules within the tire lose kinetic energy and move more slowly. This reduced molecular activity leads to fewer collisions with the tire walls, resulting in lower pressure. For example, a tire inflated to 35 psi at 70F might read 32 psi at 30F.
Maintaining proper tire pressure is crucial for vehicle safety and performance. Under-inflated tires increase rolling resistance, which reduces fuel efficiency and increases wear and tear. Moreover, they negatively impact handling and braking, increasing the risk of accidents. Historically, this phenomenon has been a constant factor for drivers, particularly in regions with significant seasonal temperature variations. Understanding this relationship between temperature and tire pressure allows drivers to anticipate and address fluctuations, contributing to safer and more economical vehicle operation.