7+ Sept 23rd Weather Forecast & Conditions


7+ Sept 23rd Weather Forecast & Conditions

Specific date forecasts, like those targeting a single day such as the 23rd of September, provide highly focused meteorological information. This information typically includes predicted high and low temperatures, precipitation probability, humidity levels, wind speed and direction, and other relevant atmospheric conditions. An example would be a forecast indicating a 70% chance of rain with a high of 20C and a low of 15C for a particular location on that date.

The value of such precise predictions is significant for planning and decision-making across various sectors. Agriculture, transportation, event planning, and even personal activities can be optimized with accurate daily forecasts. Historically, the ability to predict weather with this level of granularity has evolved alongside advancements in meteorological science and technology, from basic observation to sophisticated computer modeling. This progress allows for more informed choices that can enhance safety, efficiency, and overall well-being.

Understanding the factors that influence daily weather patterns, the methods used to generate forecasts, and the applications of this information in different contexts are crucial aspects to explore further. The following sections will delve into these topics, providing a deeper understanding of meteorological forecasting and its impact.

1. Temperature

Temperature plays a crucial role in shaping weather conditions for any given date, including September 23rd. It influences various atmospheric processes, from cloud formation and precipitation to wind patterns and air pressure. Cause-and-effect relationships are evident; for example, higher temperatures can lead to increased evaporation, contributing to greater humidity and a higher chance of rainfall. Conversely, lower temperatures can result in frost or freezing conditions, impacting agriculture and transportation. Temperature acts as a fundamental component of overall weather conditions, directly influencing the ‘feel’ of the day and impacting daily activities.

Consider two hypothetical scenarios for September 23rd: Location A experiences a high of 30C, while Location B experiences a high of 10C. These differing temperatures will significantly impact the respective local weather conditions. Location A might experience heatwave conditions, potentially leading to heat advisories and impacting outdoor activities. Location B, with its much lower temperature, could experience significantly different conditions, perhaps even frost, influencing agricultural practices and necessitating different clothing choices. These examples demonstrate the practical significance of understanding temperature’s impact on daily weather.

In summary, temperature serves as a cornerstone of daily weather forecasting. Its influence on other meteorological factors is undeniable, and its practical implications are far-reaching. Accurately predicting and understanding temperature fluctuations is essential for effective planning across various sectors, from agriculture and energy to transportation and public health. Challenges remain in accurately predicting temperature fluctuations, particularly with the increasing variability associated with climate change. Further research and advancements in meteorological modeling are vital to improving the accuracy and reliability of temperature predictions, ultimately enhancing our understanding and preparedness for specific daily weather conditions, including those anticipated for September 23rd.

2. Precipitation

Precipitation, a key element of daily weather forecasts, significantly influences conditions experienced on any given date, including September 23rd. Understanding precipitation patterns is crucial for various activities, from planning outdoor events to managing agricultural operations. Different types of precipitation, their intensity, and duration contribute uniquely to the overall weather picture.

  • Types of Precipitation

    Precipitation encompasses various forms, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail. Each type results from different atmospheric conditions. Rain, the most common form, originates from condensed water vapor in clouds. Snow forms when atmospheric temperatures are freezing, causing water vapor to crystallize into snowflakes. Sleet occurs when snow partially melts and then refreezes into ice pellets before reaching the ground. Hail, typically associated with thunderstorms, consists of layered ice balls formed by strong updrafts within storm clouds. The specific type of precipitation expected on September 23rd depends on the prevailing atmospheric conditions, including temperature, humidity, and air pressure. For instance, a forecast might indicate a chance of rain if temperatures are above freezing, while snow would be more likely in below-freezing conditions.

  • Intensity of Precipitation

    Precipitation intensity, ranging from light drizzle to heavy downpours, further refines weather predictions. Light rain might merely cause minor inconvenience, while heavy rain can lead to flooding and disruptions in transportation. Intensity is measured by the rate of precipitation accumulation over a specific time period. For example, a forecast might indicate “light rain” with accumulation of less than 0.5 cm per hour, or “heavy rain” with accumulation exceeding 1.5 cm per hour. This information is essential for assessing potential impacts on daily activities. On September 23rd, knowing the anticipated intensity helps individuals and organizations prepare appropriately, whether it’s carrying an umbrella or implementing flood mitigation measures.

  • Duration of Precipitation

    The duration of precipitation events, from brief showers to prolonged periods of rainfall or snowfall, also influences daily weather conditions. Short bursts of heavy rain might have minimal overall impact, whereas persistent light rain can saturate the ground over time, leading to similar consequences. Duration is crucial for predicting the cumulative effects of precipitation. For example, a forecast might indicate “intermittent showers” throughout the day or “steady rain” lasting several hours. This information is crucial for planning outdoor work, travel arrangements, or recreational activities. On September 23rd, the predicted duration of any precipitation event will influence decisions related to event scheduling, transportation logistics, and other daily activities.

  • Impact and Forecasting Challenges

    Accurately predicting precipitation, especially its type, intensity, and duration, remains a complex challenge in meteorology. Advancements in weather models and observational technologies continually improve forecast accuracy. However, local variations in topography and atmospheric conditions can still introduce uncertainty. For September 23rd, while a general forecast can provide valuable guidance, localized conditions can lead to variations in actual precipitation experienced. Understanding these limitations underscores the importance of remaining adaptable and utilizing real-time weather updates for optimal decision-making. Moreover, the potential impacts of precipitation events necessitate proactive measures to mitigate risks, from flood preparedness to agricultural planning, especially when dealing with extreme events such as heavy rainfall or prolonged snowfall.

These facets of precipitation type, intensity, and duration are interconnected and contribute collectively to the overall weather picture for a specific date like September 23rd. Accurate precipitation forecasts facilitate informed decision-making across various sectors, enhancing safety and efficiency in daily operations. Continued advancements in meteorological science and technology are essential to improving the precision of these predictions and enabling better preparedness for various weather scenarios.

3. Humidity

Atmospheric humidity, the concentration of water vapor in the air, plays a significant role in shaping weather conditions for any given date, including September 23rd. It influences perceived temperature, cloud formation, and precipitation probability, thereby impacting daily activities and comfort levels.

  • Relative Humidity

    Relative humidity, expressed as a percentage, represents the amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at a given temperature. Higher relative humidity levels, often experienced in warmer months, can make the air feel heavier and hotter than the actual temperature indicates. Conversely, lower relative humidity, common in colder months, can lead to dry skin and respiratory discomfort. On September 23rd, high relative humidity could exacerbate heat conditions, while low humidity might necessitate increased hydration. For example, a relative humidity of 90% at 25C will feel significantly warmer than the same temperature with a relative humidity of 50%.

  • Dew Point

    The dew point, the temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water vapor, provides a more direct measure of atmospheric moisture content than relative humidity. A higher dew point indicates more moisture in the air. When the air temperature cools to the dew point, condensation occurs, forming dew, fog, or clouds. On September 23rd, a high dew point could indicate foggy conditions in the morning or an increased likelihood of cloud formation and potential rainfall later in the day. For example, a dew point of 20C suggests a much higher moisture content and greater chance of precipitation than a dew point of 10C.

  • Impact on Comfort and Health

    Humidity levels significantly impact human comfort and health. High humidity can exacerbate heat stress, making outdoor activities strenuous and potentially dangerous. Low humidity can dry out mucous membranes, increasing susceptibility to respiratory infections. On September 23rd, awareness of humidity levels can inform decisions about appropriate clothing, hydration needs, and the suitability of outdoor activities. For instance, strenuous outdoor exercise might be best avoided during periods of high humidity, while moisturizing skin and using a humidifier indoors might be beneficial during periods of low humidity.

  • Interaction with Other Weather Factors

    Humidity interacts with other weather variables to shape overall conditions. High humidity can contribute to the development of thunderstorms, particularly when combined with warm temperatures and unstable atmospheric conditions. Low humidity can exacerbate drought conditions by increasing evaporation rates. On September 23rd, considering humidity in conjunction with other factors, such as temperature and wind, provides a more comprehensive understanding of the expected weather conditions. For example, high humidity combined with high temperatures and low wind speeds could create oppressive conditions, while low humidity with strong winds could increase fire risk in dry areas.

Understanding humidity’s influence on daily weather, particularly for a specific date like September 23rd, enables individuals and organizations to make informed decisions about activities, health precautions, and resource management. From influencing perceived temperature and comfort levels to contributing to precipitation patterns and affecting air quality, humidity serves as a critical component of a complete weather forecast.

4. Wind Speed

Wind speed, a crucial component of meteorological forecasts, significantly influences weather conditions experienced on any given date, including September 23rd. Its impact ranges from affecting perceived temperature and influencing precipitation patterns to shaping wind chill and potentially contributing to hazardous conditions. Understanding wind speed’s role is essential for interpreting weather forecasts and making informed decisions.

  • Beaufort Scale and Measurement

    Wind speed is typically measured in knots, kilometers per hour, or miles per hour. The Beaufort Scale, a widely used system, categorizes wind speeds from calm (0 knots) to hurricane force (64+ knots), providing a qualitative description of wind effects. On September 23rd, a forecast might indicate “moderate breezes” (13-18 knots) suitable for sailing, or “strong winds” (25-33 knots) potentially causing minor property damage. Understanding the Beaufort Scale helps translate numerical wind speed values into practical implications.

  • Impact on Temperature Perception

    Wind speed significantly affects perceived temperature through wind chill. Wind chill, a cooling effect, occurs when wind removes heat from exposed skin, making the air feel colder than the actual air temperature. On September 23rd, even with a moderate air temperature, high wind speeds can create a significant wind chill, necessitating warmer clothing. Conversely, calm winds can make a cold temperature feel more bearable. Understanding wind chill is essential for assessing appropriate outdoor attire and mitigating potential cold-related risks.

  • Influence on Precipitation and Storms

    Wind speed plays a critical role in precipitation patterns and storm development. Strong winds can drive intense rainfall or snowfall, increasing the risk of flooding or blizzard conditions. Wind direction also influences where precipitation falls. On September 23rd, a forecast indicating strong winds from a specific direction could suggest targeted areas likely to experience heavier precipitation. Furthermore, high wind speeds are associated with severe weather events like thunderstorms and hurricanes. Monitoring wind speed and direction helps predict storm paths and potential impacts.

  • Practical Implications and Safety Considerations

    Understanding wind speed is crucial for various activities, including aviation, maritime operations, and outdoor recreation. Strong winds can disrupt air travel, create hazardous sea conditions, and pose risks for outdoor activities like hiking or camping. On September 23rd, high wind speed forecasts could necessitate flight cancellations, maritime warnings, or postponements of outdoor events. Heeding wind speed advisories is crucial for ensuring safety and minimizing potential disruptions.

Wind speed, as a dynamic element of daily weather, influences a wide range of atmospheric processes and human activities. Its effects on perceived temperature, precipitation patterns, and storm development make it a key factor to consider when interpreting weather forecasts for any specific date, including September 23rd. Integrating wind speed data with other meteorological information provides a more comprehensive understanding of anticipated weather conditions, enabling better preparedness and informed decision-making.

5. Wind Direction

Wind direction, a key component of meteorological analysis, plays a crucial role in understanding and predicting weather patterns for any specific date, including September 23rd. It influences temperature, precipitation distribution, air quality, and the movement of weather systems, thereby impacting daily conditions and long-term climate trends. Examining wind direction provides valuable insights into atmospheric dynamics and their effects on local weather.

  • Influence on Temperature

    Wind direction significantly affects temperature by transporting air masses with different thermal properties. Winds originating from colder regions, such as polar or continental areas, can bring lower temperatures. Conversely, winds originating from warmer regions, such as tropical or maritime areas, can elevate temperatures. On September 23rd, a northerly wind might bring cooler air, while a southerly wind could bring warmer air, influencing the day’s temperature profile. This influence underscores the importance of considering wind direction in conjunction with air temperature forecasts.

  • Impact on Precipitation Patterns

    Wind direction plays a critical role in determining precipitation patterns. Winds carrying moist air from bodies of water, such as oceans or large lakes, can lead to increased precipitation in coastal or lakeside regions. Conversely, winds originating from dry land areas are less likely to produce precipitation. On September 23rd, an onshore wind might bring rain to coastal areas, while an offshore wind could result in drier conditions. Understanding wind direction helps predict where and when precipitation is most likely to occur.

  • Effect on Air Quality

    Wind direction influences air quality by transporting pollutants and allergens. Winds blowing from industrial areas or regions experiencing wildfires can carry particulate matter and other pollutants, degrading air quality downwind. Conversely, winds originating from clean, open areas, such as oceans or forests, can improve air quality. On September 23rd, depending on the wind direction, air quality could be affected by pollutants originating from distant sources, impacting respiratory health and visibility. Monitoring wind direction helps predict and mitigate potential air quality issues.

  • Role in Weather System Movement

    Wind direction is crucial for understanding the movement and development of weather systems. The direction of prevailing winds steers the movement of low-pressure systems, high-pressure systems, and fronts, which bring changes in temperature, precipitation, and cloud cover. On September 23rd, the wind direction can indicate whether a storm system is approaching or receding, and how quickly it is moving. This information is essential for predicting the timing and intensity of weather changes associated with these systems.

In conclusion, wind direction serves as a fundamental element in meteorological analysis, intricately linked to various aspects of weather forecasting for any specific date, including September 23rd. Its influence on temperature, precipitation, air quality, and the movement of weather systems underscores its significance in understanding and predicting daily weather conditions. By considering wind direction in conjunction with other meteorological variables, a more complete and accurate picture of anticipated weather emerges, enabling better preparedness and informed decision-making.

6. Cloud Cover

Cloud cover, a fundamental element of meteorological observation and forecasting, significantly influences weather conditions experienced on any given date, including September 23rd. The type, amount, and altitude of clouds present impact temperature, precipitation probability, and solar radiation levels, thereby shaping daily weather patterns and influencing human activities. Understanding cloud cover’s role is essential for interpreting weather forecasts and anticipating daily conditions.

  • Cloud Types and Formation

    Clouds form through the condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere. Different atmospheric conditions lead to the formation of various cloud types, each with distinct characteristics. High-altitude clouds, such as cirrus clouds, are typically thin and wispy, composed of ice crystals. Mid-altitude clouds, like altostratus clouds, often appear as gray or bluish-gray sheets, potentially producing light precipitation. Low-altitude clouds, such as stratus clouds, form a uniform layer, sometimes producing drizzle or fog. On September 23rd, the presence of specific cloud types can indicate the potential for different weather conditions. For example, cumulonimbus clouds, towering vertical clouds, are associated with thunderstorms and heavy precipitation, while the absence of significant cloud cover suggests clear skies and sunny conditions.

  • Cloud Cover Amount

    Cloud cover amount, expressed as a percentage of the sky obscured by clouds, directly influences surface temperature and solar radiation. A completely overcast sky (100% cloud cover) reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, leading to cooler temperatures. Conversely, clear skies (0% cloud cover) allow maximum solar radiation, resulting in warmer temperatures. On September 23rd, the predicted cloud cover amount will influence the day’s temperature range. For instance, 80% cloud cover would likely result in a cooler day than 20% cloud cover, even if the predicted high and low temperatures are similar. This information is crucial for planning outdoor activities and managing energy consumption.

  • Cloud Altitude and Layering

    The altitude and layering of clouds provide further insights into atmospheric stability and potential weather changes. Multiple cloud layers at different altitudes can indicate complex atmospheric dynamics and the potential for precipitation. High-altitude clouds often precede the arrival of warm fronts, while low, thick clouds are associated with cold fronts. On September 23rd, observing cloud altitude and layering can offer clues about approaching weather systems and potential changes in temperature and precipitation. For example, the presence of high, thin cirrus clouds followed by thickening mid-altitude clouds could suggest an approaching warm front and increasing chances of precipitation.

  • Impact on Forecasts and Observations

    Cloud cover observations and predictions are integral to weather forecasting. Meteorologists use satellite imagery, ground observations, and weather models to track cloud movement, analyze cloud types, and predict cloud cover amount. This information is crucial for forecasting temperature, precipitation, and other weather variables. On September 23rd, the accuracy of the cloud cover forecast directly influences the overall accuracy of the daily weather prediction. Accurate cloud cover data are essential for making informed decisions about outdoor activities, agriculture, aviation, and other sectors sensitive to weather conditions.

Cloud cover, a dynamic and multifaceted element of the atmosphere, significantly influences daily weather conditions. Its impact on temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation makes it a key factor in understanding and predicting weather for any given date, including September 23rd. By analyzing cloud types, cloud cover amount, and cloud altitude, one gains valuable insights into the current and future state of the atmosphere, enabling better preparedness and more informed decision-making. Integrating cloud cover data with other meteorological information provides a more complete and accurate weather forecast, essential for various human activities and environmental monitoring.

7. Atmospheric Pressure

Atmospheric pressure, the weight of the air above a given location, plays a fundamental role in shaping weather patterns for any specific date, including September 23rd. Changes in atmospheric pressure are closely linked to changes in weather conditions. Understanding this connection is crucial for interpreting weather forecasts and anticipating potential shifts in temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns.

  • Pressure Systems and Weather Patterns

    Areas of high atmospheric pressure are generally associated with fair and stable weather conditions. Descending air in high-pressure systems inhibits cloud formation and precipitation. Conversely, areas of low atmospheric pressure are associated with unstable weather conditions, including cloud formation, precipitation, and stronger winds. Rising air in low-pressure systems promotes cloud development and precipitation. On September 23rd, the presence of a high-pressure system over a region would suggest clear skies and calm winds, while a low-pressure system could bring clouds, rain, and stronger winds. The movement and interaction of these pressure systems dictate the overall weather pattern for a given area.

  • Pressure Gradients and Wind

    Differences in atmospheric pressure between two locations create pressure gradients. Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, creating wind. The greater the pressure difference, the stronger the wind. On September 23rd, a steep pressure gradient could result in strong winds, while a weak pressure gradient would lead to calmer conditions. Analyzing pressure gradients provides insights into wind speed and direction, essential for forecasting wind-related impacts on daily activities and potential hazards.

  • Isobars and Weather Maps

    Isobars, lines on a weather map connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure, visually represent pressure patterns and gradients. Closely spaced isobars indicate a steep pressure gradient and strong winds, while widely spaced isobars indicate a weak pressure gradient and light winds. On September 23rd, examining isobars on a weather map can reveal areas of high and low pressure, wind speed and direction, and the potential for weather changes. This information aids in understanding the overall synoptic situation and predicting future weather conditions.

  • Altitude and Pressure Variation

    Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. This is because the weight of the air above decreases as altitude increases. This pressure variation with altitude influences temperature and precipitation patterns. On September 23rd, the pressure difference between sea level and mountain tops can contribute to significant temperature differences and varying precipitation patterns. Understanding this relationship is crucial for interpreting weather forecasts for different elevations and anticipating potential challenges associated with high-altitude conditions.

In summary, atmospheric pressure acts as a driving force behind weather changes and patterns for any specific date, including September 23rd. By analyzing pressure systems, pressure gradients, isobar patterns, and altitude-related pressure variations, meteorologists gain crucial insights for predicting weather conditions. Understanding these concepts enables individuals and organizations to anticipate changes in temperature, precipitation, and wind, allowing for better preparedness and informed decision-making related to daily activities and potential weather-related hazards.

Frequently Asked Questions

This section addresses common inquiries regarding weather forecasting and its implications for specific dates, using September 23rd as a contextual example.

Question 1: How reliable are long-range weather forecasts for specific dates like September 23rd?

Long-range forecasts provide general trends rather than precise predictions. Accuracy diminishes with time, offering limited reliability for specific dates several weeks or months out. While they might indicate seasonal tendencies, relying solely on them for detailed planning on a fixed date far in advance is not advisable.

Question 2: What factors influence the accuracy of a weather forecast for September 23rd?

Forecast accuracy depends on several factors, including the quality of observational data, the sophistication of numerical weather prediction models, and the inherent predictability of the atmosphere. Local topography and microclimates can also introduce variability, making precise predictions challenging even with advanced tools.

Question 3: How can historical weather data for September 23rd inform future predictions?

Historical data establishes climatological norms, providing a baseline for comparison with current forecasts. However, weather patterns can vary from year to year, influenced by large-scale climate oscillations and random atmospheric variability. While historical data offers context, it cannot provide definitive predictions for any specific future date.

Question 4: What sources provide reliable weather information for September 23rd?

Reputable national meteorological agencies and established weather forecasting services typically offer the most reliable information. Cross-referencing multiple sources can provide a more comprehensive picture. Relying on unverified sources or social media for critical weather information is discouraged.

Question 5: How do weather forecasts for September 23rd benefit specific sectors?

Various sectors, from agriculture and transportation to event planning and emergency management, utilize weather forecasts for optimized decision-making. Accurate predictions enable farmers to schedule harvests, airlines to adjust flight schedules, event organizers to make contingency plans, and emergency services to prepare for potential weather-related incidents.

Question 6: How might climate change influence weather patterns on future September 23rds?

Climate change introduces uncertainty into long-term weather projections. Trends like increasing average temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and a higher frequency of extreme weather events can influence future weather on any given date, making precise predictions increasingly complex. Understanding these long-term trends is essential for adaptation and mitigation strategies.

Understanding weather forecasting limitations, utilizing reliable sources, and recognizing the influence of climate change are crucial aspects of interpreting and applying weather information effectively for any specific date, including September 23rd.

The subsequent sections will delve into practical applications of weather forecasting and strategies for mitigating weather-related risks.

Tips for Utilizing Weather Information Effectively

Effective utilization of weather information, particularly for specific dates like September 23rd, requires proactive planning and informed decision-making. These tips provide guidance on maximizing the benefits of weather forecasts and minimizing potential weather-related disruptions.

Tip 1: Consult Reliable Sources: Refer to reputable national meteorological agencies and established weather forecasting services for accurate and up-to-date information. Avoid relying solely on unverified sources or social media for critical weather details.

Tip 2: Understand Forecast Limitations: Recognize that weather forecasts, especially long-range predictions, are subject to inherent uncertainties. Interpret forecasts as probabilities rather than certainties and remain adaptable to potential changes in conditions.

Tip 3: Consider Specific Needs: Tailor weather information consumption to specific requirements. Agricultural operations, outdoor events, and transportation logistics necessitate different levels of detail and forecast lead times. Focus on relevant parameters like temperature, precipitation, or wind speed, depending on the activity.

Tip 4: Monitor Forecast Updates: Weather patterns can change rapidly. Regularly check for updated forecasts, particularly in the days leading up to and including the target date, such as September 23rd. Real-time updates provide the most current information for informed decision-making.

Tip 5: Develop Contingency Plans: Anticipate potential weather disruptions and develop alternative plans. For outdoor events, identify indoor backup locations. For travel arrangements, consider flexible itineraries. Proactive planning minimizes the impact of unexpected weather changes.

Tip 6: Integrate Multiple Data Sources: Combine weather forecasts with other relevant information sources. For agricultural planning, integrate soil moisture data with precipitation forecasts. For transportation logistics, combine weather forecasts with traffic updates. Integrating multiple data sources provides a more holistic view of potential challenges.

Tip 7: Understand Weather Terminology: Familiarize oneself with common meteorological terms and concepts. Understanding terms like “relative humidity,” “dew point,” and “wind chill” enables more effective interpretation of forecast information and its practical implications.

Tip 8: Consider Climate Change Trends: Long-term climate trends, such as increasing temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns, influence future weather conditions. Incorporate climate change projections into long-term planning and adaptation strategies.

By implementing these tips, individuals and organizations can leverage weather information effectively to enhance safety, optimize operations, and minimize weather-related disruptions. Proactive planning and informed decision-making based on reliable weather data are essential for navigating the inherent uncertainties of atmospheric conditions, particularly for specific dates like September 23rd.

The following conclusion summarizes the key takeaways regarding understanding and utilizing weather information for specific dates.

Conclusion

Specific date weather forecasts, exemplified by predictions for September 23rd, provide crucial information for planning and decision-making across various sectors. This exploration has highlighted the significance of understanding key meteorological parameters, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, and atmospheric pressure. Accurate interpretation of these factors, coupled with awareness of forecast limitations and the influence of climate change, enables effective utilization of weather information.

Proactive planning, informed by reliable weather data and an understanding of atmospheric dynamics, empowers informed choices. Continued advancements in meteorological science and technology promise further refinements in predictive capabilities. Adaptability and a commitment to utilizing weather information effectively remain essential for navigating the inherent uncertainties of the atmosphere and mitigating potential weather-related impacts.