December marks the beginning of the winter wet season in the Hawaiian Islands. This period typically experiences higher rainfall, cooler temperatures, and stronger surf, particularly on north-facing shores. Average daytime temperatures range from the mid-70s to low 80s Fahrenheit (low to mid-20s Celsius), while nighttime temperatures can dip into the 60s Fahrenheit (teens Celsius). The higher elevations, such as those on the Big Island, can experience significantly cooler temperatures, sometimes even dipping below freezing.
Understanding Hawaiian weather patterns during December is crucial for planning trips. While the increased rainfall can occasionally disrupt outdoor activities, it also contributes to the islands’ lush landscapes and vibrant waterfalls. This period offers a unique experience compared to the drier summer months, attracting visitors interested in whale watching (which begins in November/December), experiencing dramatic wave action, and enjoying fewer crowds. Historically, this period was associated with significant agricultural cycles linked to rainfall patterns.
The following sections will delve into specific island forecasts, provide packing recommendations for this time of year, discuss the implications for various activities, and offer insights into the cultural significance of the winter season in Hawaii.
1. Rainfall
Rainfall plays a significant role in shaping the December weather experience in Hawaii. The islands transition into their wetter season during this month, experiencing increased precipitation compared to the drier summer months. This shift is driven by changing weather patterns, including the movement of the Pacific subtropical high-pressure system and the arrival of Kona storms, which bring moisture-laden winds from the southwest. The increased rainfall contributes significantly to the lush landscapes and vibrant waterfalls characteristic of Hawaii, particularly during and after December. For example, the windward (east-facing) slopes of islands like Kauai and Maui tend to receive significantly more rainfall than the leeward (west-facing) sides, demonstrating the influence of topography on precipitation patterns.
The practical implications of increased December rainfall are multifaceted. While offering stunning natural scenery, it can also disrupt outdoor activities. Visitors should be prepared for occasional showers and consider packing rain gear. The heavier rainfall can also lead to muddier hiking trails and increased stream flow, necessitating caution during outdoor excursions. Understanding typical rainfall patterns for specific islands allows for better planning and selection of activities, such as prioritizing indoor attractions during periods of heavy rainfall. Knowing the typical rainfall patterns informs decisions about accommodation location. For instance, visitors seeking drier conditions might opt for the Kohala Coast of the Big Island, which typically receives less rain than Hilo on the eastern side.
In summary, December rainfall in Hawaii, while potentially impacting travel plans, forms an integral part of the islands’ ecological and aesthetic character. Recognizing its influence allows for a richer appreciation of the natural environment and facilitates more informed decision-making during trip planning. The interplay of increased precipitation, topography, and wind patterns creates microclimates across the islands, highlighting the importance of understanding local variations in rainfall when preparing for a December visit.
2. Temperature
Temperature in December contributes significantly to the distinct character of Hawaiian weather during this period. While remaining relatively mild compared to continental winter temperatures, subtle variations exist across the islands and elevations, influencing visitor experiences. Average daytime temperatures typically range from the mid-70s to low 80s Fahrenheit (low to mid-20s Celsius) at sea level. However, nighttime temperatures can drop into the 60s Fahrenheit (teens Celsius), requiring visitors to pack layers for cooler evenings. Elevation plays a critical role in temperature variation. Higher elevations, such as those found on Haleakal on Maui or Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on the Big Island, experience significantly cooler temperatures, sometimes dipping below freezing. This contrast allows for diverse experiences within a relatively small geographical area.
This temperature profile impacts activity choices. While daytime temperatures remain suitable for swimming and other water activities, cooler evenings might necessitate warmer clothing for outdoor dining or stargazing. The cooler mountain temperatures provide opportunities for unique experiences like exploring volcanic landscapes or observing snowfall on the highest peaks. For instance, visitors to Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island might experience both balmy coastal conditions and significantly colder temperatures at higher elevations within the park. The relatively cooler ocean temperatures during December compared to summer months can also influence water activities, with some individuals opting for wetsuits for extended periods in the water.
Understanding December temperature patterns is essential for packing appropriately and planning activities effectively. Packing layers allows for adaptation to varying conditions throughout the day and across different locations. Consulting local forecasts before embarking on outdoor activities, particularly hiking at higher elevations, ensures preparedness for potentially colder temperatures and changing weather conditions. Recognizing the influence of temperature on both comfort and activity feasibility contributes significantly to a more enjoyable and well-informed December experience in Hawaii. The interplay of elevation, latitude, and prevailing wind patterns shapes the specific temperature profile of each island, highlighting the importance of location-specific planning.
3. Surf Conditions
December in Hawaii marks a significant shift in surf conditions, directly influenced by the changing weather patterns. The arrival of winter storms in the North Pacific generates large swells that predominantly impact the north-facing shores of the Hawaiian Islands. This period offers exciting opportunities for experienced surfers but also necessitates increased caution for ocean activities due to powerful wave action.
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North Shore Swells
North-facing shores, particularly on Oahu’s North Shore, experience dramatic increases in wave size during December. These swells, generated by distant storms, create world-renowned surfing conditions attracting professional surfers and enthusiasts. However, these powerful waves pose significant risks for inexperienced swimmers and should be approached with caution. For example, Waimea Bay and Pipeline on Oahu’s North Shore become renowned for their massive waves, attracting global attention during major surf competitions.
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South Shore Impacts
While north shores bear the brunt of winter swells, south-facing shores experience a relative decrease in wave size. This creates calmer conditions more suitable for swimming, snorkeling, and other water activities. However, even on south shores, occasional larger swells can still arrive, highlighting the importance of checking local forecasts before entering the water. Poipu Beach on Kauai, for example, typically offers calmer conditions during December compared to the north shore beaches.
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Rip Currents
Increased wave activity also contributes to the formation of strong rip currents, which pose significant hazards for swimmers. These currents can quickly pull swimmers away from shore, necessitating caution and awareness of local warnings. Understanding how to identify and escape rip currents is crucial for ocean safety during December. Beaches with prominent sandbars and strong wave action, such as certain areas of Waikiki Beach, can be particularly susceptible to rip currents.
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Water Temperature
Ocean water temperatures decrease slightly during December, averaging in the mid-70s Fahrenheit (low to mid-20s Celsius). While still comfortable for swimming, some individuals might prefer wetsuits, especially for prolonged periods in the water. This cooler water temperature also influences marine life activity, impacting snorkeling and diving experiences.
Understanding the influence of December weather on surf conditions is paramount for safe and enjoyable ocean activities. Respecting the power of the ocean, heeding local warnings, and choosing appropriate locations based on experience level ensures both safety and appreciation for the dramatic winter surf of Hawaii. Careful consideration of wave size, currents, and water temperature contributes to a more informed and enriching experience of the Hawaiian coastline during this dynamic period.
4. Whale Watching
December in Hawaii marks the beginning of peak whale-watching season, a period directly influenced by weather and oceanic conditions. Humpback whales migrate from Alaskan waters to the warmer Hawaiian waters to breed and give birth, creating a spectacular natural phenomenon closely tied to the prevailing weather patterns of the season.
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Migration Patterns and Water Temperature
Humpback whale migration is influenced by water temperature. Cooler water temperatures prevalent in Alaskan waters during winter months prompt their movement south to the warmer breeding grounds of Hawaii. The stable and relatively warmer waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands during December provide ideal conditions for calving and raising newborn whales. Water temperature also influences the distribution of prey species, impacting whale feeding behavior in Hawaiian waters.
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Ocean Currents and Navigation
Prevailing ocean currents play a crucial role in whale navigation during their migration. Whales utilize these currents, influenced by wind patterns and water temperature gradients, to assist their long journey. Changes in current patterns, sometimes influenced by weather systems, can impact whale migration routes and distribution around the islands. For example, shifts in the North Pacific Gyre can influence the timing and path of whale migration to Hawaii.
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Weather Conditions and Visibility
Clear weather conditions are essential for optimal whale watching. While December marks the start of the wetter season, periods of clear skies and calmer seas provide excellent opportunities for spotting whales. Rain showers and rough seas can significantly reduce visibility, making whale watching more challenging. Choosing days with favorable weather forecasts maximizes the chances of successful whale-watching excursions. Locations sheltered from prevailing winds, such as the leeward sides of islands, often offer calmer waters and better visibility for whale watching.
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Breeding Behaviors and Weather Influence
The warmer waters and calmer conditions characteristic of Hawaiian waters in December facilitate crucial breeding behaviors for humpback whales. These conditions allow for mating displays, calving, and the nurturing of newborn calves. Changes in weather patterns, such as strong storms or significant temperature fluctuations, can potentially disrupt these behaviors, emphasizing the interconnectedness between weather and whale activity. Understanding typical weather patterns during December helps predict peak periods for observing specific whale behaviors, such as breaching or tail slapping.
The confluence of favorable water temperatures, ocean currents, and relatively calm weather conditions makes December a prime time for whale watching in Hawaii. The interplay of these weather-related factors creates an ideal environment for humpback whales to complete their breeding cycle, offering visitors a unique opportunity to witness these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat. Recognizing the influence of weather patterns on whale behavior and visibility enhances the overall whale-watching experience and contributes to a deeper appreciation of this natural phenomenon.
5. Humidity
Humidity forms a significant component of the overall weather experience in Hawaii during December. The transition to the wetter season brings increased moisture content in the air, influencing perceived temperatures, impacting outdoor comfort, and playing a role in shaping local weather phenomena. Understanding humidity levels and their implications is crucial for visitors preparing for December travel to the islands.
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Dew Point and Comfort Levels
Elevated dew points, often exceeding 70F (21C) in December, contribute to a higher perception of heat and humidity. This can lead to increased discomfort, particularly for individuals unaccustomed to humid climates. High dew points limit the effectiveness of evaporative cooling, making it feel warmer than the actual air temperature. Packing breathable clothing and staying hydrated becomes essential for managing comfort levels in these conditions. The combination of high humidity and warmer temperatures can exacerbate pre-existing health conditions sensitive to heat and humidity.
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Rainfall and Cloud Formation
Increased humidity levels in December directly contribute to the higher rainfall characteristic of the wet season. Moisture-laden air, driven by prevailing wind patterns, condenses and forms clouds, leading to increased precipitation, especially on windward slopes. The higher humidity levels also contribute to the formation of fog, particularly in higher elevations, impacting visibility and driving conditions. Understanding the relationship between humidity, rainfall, and cloud formation allows visitors to anticipate potential weather changes and plan activities accordingly.
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Impact on Outdoor Activities
High humidity can impact the enjoyment of outdoor activities. Strenuous activities can feel more challenging due to the reduced effectiveness of evaporative cooling. Planning outdoor excursions for cooler parts of the day, such as early mornings or late afternoons, can mitigate the impact of humidity. Choosing less strenuous activities or incorporating frequent breaks in shaded areas enhances comfort levels during humid periods. Packing moisture-wicking clothing and utilizing cooling towels can also improve comfort during outdoor pursuits.
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Mold and Mildew Growth
The increased humidity in December can contribute to mold and mildew growth, particularly in enclosed spaces with limited ventilation. Visitors should be aware of this potential issue when selecting accommodations or storing belongings. Opting for accommodations with air conditioning or good ventilation can minimize this risk. Properly drying clothes and gear after use also helps prevent mold and mildew formation.
Humidity, as a defining characteristic of December weather in Hawaii, significantly impacts visitor experiences. Recognizing its influence on perceived temperatures, rainfall patterns, and outdoor comfort allows for more informed planning and enhances enjoyment of the islands’ unique environment during this period. Preparing for higher humidity levels through appropriate clothing choices, activity scheduling, and accommodation selection contributes to a more comfortable and enjoyable December visit to Hawaii.
6. Sunshine Hours
Sunshine hours in December contribute significantly to the overall weather profile of Hawaii during this period. While December marks the beginning of the wetter season, it’s important to understand the interplay between sunshine duration, rainfall patterns, and the overall visitor experience. The number of sunshine hours influences temperatures, impacts outdoor activities, and contributes to the unique character of Hawaiian weather during this transition month.
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Variation Across Islands and Locations
Sunshine hours in December vary across the Hawaiian Islands due to topographical influences and prevailing wind patterns. Windward (east-facing) slopes, exposed to moisture-laden trade winds, generally experience more cloud cover and consequently fewer sunshine hours. Leeward (west-facing) areas tend to be drier and receive more direct sunlight. This microclimate variation creates distinct weather patterns within relatively small geographical areas. For example, the Kona Coast on the Big Island typically receives more sunshine than Hilo, located on the windward side. Understanding these variations allows visitors to select locations that align with their preferences for sunshine exposure.
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Impact on Daily Temperatures
Sunshine duration directly influences daily temperatures. Longer periods of sunshine contribute to warmer daytime temperatures, even during the wetter season. Conversely, extended periods of cloud cover can moderate temperatures, leading to cooler days. This interplay between sunshine and temperature impacts activity choices and clothing needs. For instance, a sunny day on Kauai’s south shore might allow for comfortable swimming in the ocean, while a cloudy day in the same location might necessitate a light jacket.
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Influence on Outdoor Activities
The number of sunshine hours directly affects the feasibility and enjoyment of outdoor activities. Sunny periods provide ideal conditions for hiking, exploring beaches, and participating in water sports. Cloudy periods and rainfall might necessitate adjustments to planned activities, such as opting for indoor attractions or rescheduling outdoor excursions. Checking local weather forecasts for sunshine duration helps optimize activity planning and allows for flexibility in case of changing weather conditions. Visitors can prioritize outdoor activities during predicted periods of sunshine and plan alternative indoor activities during periods of cloud cover or rainfall.
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Interplay with Rainfall Patterns
While December experiences increased rainfall, it’s essential to understand that rainfall doesn’t preclude sunshine. Showers can be intermittent, often followed by periods of sunshine. This dynamic interplay creates a unique weather pattern characterized by both rainfall and periods of direct sunlight. The combination of sunshine and rainfall contributes to the lush vegetation and vibrant rainbows often observed during December in Hawaii. Understanding this interplay allows visitors to appreciate the dynamic nature of Hawaiian weather and adjust their expectations accordingly.
Sunshine hours in December, while influenced by the wetter season’s onset, remain a crucial element of Hawaii’s weather profile. The interplay of sunshine duration, rainfall patterns, and location-specific variations creates diverse microclimates across the islands. Recognizing this complexity and consulting local forecasts allows visitors to anticipate weather conditions, plan activities effectively, and appreciate the unique character of Hawaiian weather during this transitional month.
Frequently Asked Questions about Hawaiian Weather in December
This section addresses common queries regarding Hawaiian weather during December, providing concise and informative responses to assist with travel planning and managing expectations.
Question 1: Does it rain constantly throughout December in Hawaii?
Rainfall increases in December marking the start of the wet season; however, rain is often intermittent, interspersed with periods of sunshine. Rainfall patterns vary significantly across islands and even within localized areas due to topographical influences.
Question 2: Are temperatures still suitable for swimming in December?
Ocean temperatures remain relatively mild, typically in the mid-70s Fahrenheit. While comfortable for swimming, some individuals might prefer wetsuits for extended periods in the water.
Question 3: What type of clothing is recommended for December in Hawaii?
Packing layers is recommended. Light clothing is suitable for daytime activities, while a light jacket or sweater is advisable for cooler evenings and higher elevations. Rain gear is essential due to increased rainfall.
Question 4: Is December a good time for surfing in Hawaii?
December offers excellent surfing conditions, particularly on north-facing shores, due to large swells generated by winter storms. However, these conditions are primarily suitable for experienced surfers. South-facing shores experience calmer waves.
Question 5: What are the typical humidity levels in Hawaii during December?
Humidity levels increase in December. Visitors should anticipate humid conditions and pack accordingly, prioritizing breathable clothing and staying hydrated.
Question 6: Are there any specific safety considerations related to December weather in Hawaii?
Strong rip currents associated with increased wave activity pose a hazard for swimmers. Heeding local warnings and exercising caution near the ocean is essential. Additionally, muddy hiking trails due to rainfall necessitate careful footing.
Careful consideration of these factors facilitates informed decision-making and enhances the overall travel experience during December in Hawaii. Understanding the nuances of weather patterns allows visitors to anticipate potential challenges and maximize enjoyment of the islands’ unique beauty.
The following section provides detailed packing recommendations for a December trip to Hawaii.
Tips for Navigating Hawaiian Weather in December
Careful preparation enhances visitor experiences during December in Hawaii. These tips address key weather-related considerations, promoting safety and enjoyment of the islands’ unique characteristics during this period.
Tip 1: Pack for varied conditions. December weather necessitates versatile attire. Lightweight clothing for warm days, a light jacket or sweater for cooler evenings and higher elevations, and rain gear are essential.
Tip 2: Monitor local weather forecasts. Weather patterns can change rapidly. Consulting local forecasts before embarking on outdoor activities ensures preparedness and allows for flexible planning.
Tip 3: Respect ocean conditions. Increased wave activity and strong rip currents during December require caution. Heeding local warnings and avoiding risky behavior near the ocean is paramount.
Tip 4: Choose accommodations wisely. Consider location and amenities when selecting accommodations. Locations sheltered from prevailing winds or accommodations with air conditioning can enhance comfort during periods of rain or humidity.
Tip 5: Plan for both indoor and outdoor activities. December weather can occasionally disrupt outdoor plans. Incorporating indoor activities, such as museum visits or cultural experiences, provides alternatives during periods of rain.
Tip 6: Prepare for higher humidity. Increased humidity can influence perceived temperatures and comfort levels. Packing breathable clothing and staying hydrated helps manage these conditions effectively.
Tip 7: Book accommodations and tours in advance. December marks the beginning of peak season. Booking accommodations, tours, and rental cars in advance ensures availability and potentially secures better rates.
Tip 8: Research island-specific weather patterns. Weather conditions vary across the Hawaiian Islands. Researching specific island climates and microclimates aids in selecting locations and activities aligned with individual preferences.
Adhering to these recommendations promotes safety and enhances enjoyment of the diverse experiences available in Hawaii during December. Careful planning allows visitors to navigate the nuances of this unique weather period and appreciate the islands’ distinct beauty.
The following section provides a concluding overview of key takeaways regarding December weather in Hawaii.
Weather in December in Hawaii
December in Hawaii presents a unique convergence of weather elements. Increased rainfall contributes to lush landscapes and vibrant waterfalls, while cooler temperatures offer respite from the summer heat. Larger swells arrive on north-facing shores, creating renowned surfing conditions but also demanding caution. The onset of whale-watching season adds a remarkable dimension to the natural wonders experienced during this period. Humidity levels rise, impacting outdoor comfort and necessitating appropriate preparation. While sunshine remains prevalent, intermittent rainfall and cloud cover shape the dynamic weather patterns characteristic of December. Understanding these intricacies allows for informed decision-making and enhanced enjoyment of the islands’ diverse offerings.
Ultimately, December weather in Hawaii offers a distinct experience compared to other times of the year. Recognizing the interplay of rainfall, temperature, ocean conditions, and other weather factors empowers travelers to embrace the dynamic nature of this period. Careful planning and informed choices transform potential weather-related challenges into opportunities for rich and memorable experiences, showcasing the enduring allure of the Hawaiian Islands.
